The population size of the Inca Tern, scientifically known as Larosterna inca, has been estimated to be over 150,000 individuals (Zavaga et al.). However, it is important to note that this species is currently listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International because its population has experienced a moderately rapid decline.
The Inca Tern is a bird species that is native to the coastal regions of Peru and Chile in South America. It is known for its unique appearance, with a black body, a white mustache-like stripe on its face, and vibrant red-orange beak and feet. The species is highly adapted to its coastal habitat, where it feeds primarily on fish and other marine organisms.
The estimation of over 150,000 individuals for the Inca Tern population is based on scientific research and monitoring efforts. These studies involve observing and counting the number of individuals in specific breeding colonies and extrapolating these numbers to estimate the overall population size. However, it is important to note that these estimates are not exact and can vary.
The Inca Tern population has been experiencing a decline, which has led to its classification as Near Threatened. The exact causes of this decline are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential threats to the species. These include habitat loss and degradation, disturbance at breeding colonies, pollution, and changes in food availability due to overfishing and climate change.
Habitat loss and degradation occur due to human activities such as urban development, coastal infrastructure projects, and the conversion of coastal areas for agriculture and aquaculture. These activities can disrupt the nesting and foraging habitats of the Inca Tern, leading to a decline in population.
Disturbance at breeding colonies is another significant threat to the species. Inca Terns breed in large colonies on rocky cliffs and islands along the coast. These colonies can be easily disturbed by human activities such as tourism, fishing, and mining. Disturbance can disrupt breeding behavior, cause nest abandonment, and reduce reproductive success.
Pollution, particularly oil spills and marine debris, can also have negative impacts on the Inca Tern population. Oil spills can contaminate the bird’s feathers, leading to reduced insulation and impaired flight. Marine debris, such as plastic, can entangle or be ingested by the birds, causing injury or death.
Changes in food availability are another concern for the Inca Tern. Overfishing can deplete fish stocks, reducing the availability of prey for the birds. Climate change can also impact the distribution and abundance of fish species, potentially affecting the Inca Tern’s food source.
The population of the Inca Tern is estimated to be over 150,000 individuals. However, this species is currently classified as Near Threatened due to a moderately rapid decline in population. The main threats to the Inca Tern include habitat loss and degradation, disturbance at breeding colonies, pollution, and changes in food availability. Conservation efforts are essential to protect and restore the habitats of this unique and charismatic bird species.