In first grade, math facts refer to the basic addition and subtraction facts that students are expected to learn and memorize. These facts involve numbers up to 20 and include both addition and subtraction operations. It is important for students to develop fluency and automaticity with these facts, as they serve as the foundation for more complex math concepts in later grades.
To be more explicit, addition facts involve finding the sum of two numbers, while subtraction facts involve finding the difference between two numbers. For example, addition facts could include 1+1=2, 2+3=5, and so on. Subtraction facts could include 5-2=3, 7-4=3, and so on.
In order to build a solid understanding of addition and subtraction, students in first grade also learn about the relationship between these two operations. They come to understand that addition and subtraction are inversely related, meaning that they can “undo” each other. For example, if they know that 2+3=5, they can also determine that 5-3=2. This understanding helps students develop flexibility in their thinking and problem-solving skills.
In addition to learning addition and subtraction facts, first graders also work on counting and writing numbers within 120. They learn to count by ones, tens, and fives, and they practice writing numbers in both standard and word form. This helps them develop number sense and the ability to recognize and work with numbers in various ways.
Another important skill in first grade math is the ability to add within 100. Students practice adding two-digit numbers to one-digit numbers and two-digit numbers to two-digit numbers. They learn strategies such as using a number line, counting on, or using manipulatives to solve these addition problems.
Measurement is also introduced in first grade math. Students learn to measure objects using non-standard units such as paper clips or cubes, as well as using standard units such as inches or centimeters. They compare and order objects based on their length, and they begin to understand the concept of size and measurement.
Telling time is another math concept that is introduced in first grade. Students learn to tell time to the hour and half hour using analog and digital clocks. They practice identifying the hour and minute hand on a clock and understanding the concept of time passing.
Basic fractions are also explored in first grade math. Students learn to recognize and name fractions such as halves, thirds, and fourths. They learn to partition and shade shapes to represent fractions and understand that fractions represent parts of a whole.
The math curriculum in first grade focuses on building a strong foundation in basic math skills and concepts. It is important for students to develop fluency with addition and subtraction facts, as well as a solid understanding of number sense, measurement, time, and fractions. By mastering these skills, students are better prepared for more advanced math concepts in later grades.