Pelicans, specifically the American White Pelican, are protected for several reasons. One of the main reasons is their historical decline in numbers and range. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, pelican populations suffered greatly due to various factors.
Firstly, habitat loss played a significant role in the decline of pelican populations. Wetlands, which are crucial for pelicans as they rely on them for nesting and feeding, were drained and destroyed for agriculture, urban development, and other human activities. This destruction of their habitat led to a reduction in suitable nesting and foraging grounds, causing a decline in their population numbers.
Secondly, pelicans were persecuted by humans. In the past, pelicans were often hunted for their feathers, which were used in the fashion industry for decorative purposes. Additionally, pelicans were also hunted for sport or killed due to the misconception that they were competitors for fish resources. This persecution further contributed to the decline in their numbers.
Furthermore, pesticide contaminants, particularly DDT, had a detrimental impact on pelican populations. DDT was widely used in the mid-20th century as an insecticide, but it had severe consequences for many bird species, including pelicans. The pesticide made its way into the food chain, accumulating in the fish that pelicans consumed. This led to thinning of their eggshells, causing reproductive failure and a decline in their overall reproductive success.
As a result of these factors, the American White Pelican population became significantly reduced in both numbers and range. Recognizing the importance of protecting and conserving this species, measures were put in place to ensure their survival.
While the American White Pelican is not listed under the federal Endangered Species Act, it is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. This act, implemented in 1918, is an international agreement between the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia, aimed at conserving migratory bird populations. The act prohibits the hunting, capture, possession, and disturbance of migratory birds, including the American White Pelican, without proper permits.
Pelicans, specifically the American White Pelican, are protected due to their historical decline in numbers and range. Habitat loss, persecution, and pesticide contaminants, such as DDT, have significantly impacted their populations. To ensure their survival, the American White Pelican is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits their hunting, capture, possession, and disturbance. These conservation efforts aim to safeguard the future of this magnificent species.