England lost control of Brittany in the late 15th century, specifically in the year 1488. This loss of control came about as a result of a decisive military defeat suffered by the Breton army at the hands of the Kingdom of France. To add to their strength, the French army was aided by 5,000 mercenaries from Switzerland and Italy.
At the time, the last Duke of independent Brittany was Francis II. His rule over the region was threatened by the growing power of the French monarchy, led by King Charles VIII. The French had long desired to bring Brittany under their control, as it would consolidate their power and expand their territory. In an effort to assert their dominance, the French army launched an attack on Brittany in 1488.
The battle between the French and Breton armies was fierce, but ultimately the French forces emerged victorious. The Breton army was unable to withstand the combined strength of the French army and the mercenaries, and they suffered a crushing defeat. This defeat forced Francis II to submit to a treaty imposed by the King of France.
Under the terms of the treaty, Francis II was compelled to give the King of France the right to determine the marriage of his 12-year-old daughter, Anne. This was a significant concession, as marriage alliances were crucial for political alliances and the consolidation of power during this time period. By gaining control over the marriage of Anne, the King of France effectively gained control over the future of Brittany.
This treaty marked the beginning of the end for independent Brittany. Over the years that followed, the French monarchy gradually extended its influence and control over the region. In 1532, the Duchy of Brittany was officially incorporated into the Kingdom of France, effectively ending its status as an independent entity.
The loss of Brittany was a significant blow to England, as they had long held strong ties with the region. England had historically maintained close political and economic relations with Brittany, and the loss of control over the region meant a loss of influence and potential allies for the English crown. This loss further weakened England’s position in continental Europe and contributed to the growing power imbalance between England and France.
England lost control of Brittany in 1488 following a military defeat suffered by the Breton army at the hands of the Kingdom of France. The defeat resulted in a treaty that granted the King of France the right to determine the marriage of the Duke of Brittany’s daughter. This marked the beginning of the end for independent Brittany, ultimately leading to its incorporation into the Kingdom of France in 1532.