The steeper slope of Z in the species area relationship, as described by Alexander von Humboldt, refers to the relationship between the number of species and the size of the area being studied. When plotting this relationship on a graph, a steeper slope indicates a higher rate of increase in species richness with increasing area.
A Z value in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 suggests that the species area relationship is being examined on a very large scale, such as the entire continents. This means that the areas being considered are vast and encompass a wide range of habitats and ecosystems.
The steeper slope of Z indicates that as the area increases, there is a greater increase in the number of species observed. In other words, larger areas tend to support a higher diversity of species. This can be attributed to a variety of factors.
One possible explanation for the steeper slope is the presence of different habitats within the larger area. Larger areas are more likely to contain a greater diversity of habitats, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and mountains. Each of these habitats provides unique conditions and resources, which can support different species. Therefore, as the area increases, more habitats are included, leading to a higher number of species.
Another factor contributing to the steeper slope could be the presence of larger populations of individual species in larger areas. Larger areas can support larger populations of species, which can lead to increased genetic diversity and the formation of new species. Additionally, larger populations have a higher chance of survival and persistence, reducing the risk of extinction.
Furthermore, larger areas may also provide more opportunities for species dispersal and colonization. Species can move across larger areas, colonizing new habitats and increasing their range. This can lead to the establishment of new species in the area, contributing to the overall species richness.
It is important to note that the steeper slope of Z does not mean that smaller areas are devoid of species. Even smaller areas can support a significant number of species, but the rate of increase in species richness tends to be lower compared to larger areas.
The steeper slope of Z in the species area relationship indicates that larger areas, such as continents, tend to support a higher diversity of species. This can be attributed to the presence of a greater variety of habitats, larger populations of species, and increased opportunities for dispersal and colonization. Understanding this relationship is crucial for conservation efforts, as it highlights the importance of preserving large, intact habitats to maintain biodiversity.