It is possible to have Lyme disease for years without knowing it. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. The early signs and symptoms of Lyme disease are often mild and can be easily mistaken for other illnesses, such as the flu. Additionally, ticks are tiny and their bites are usually painless, so many people may not even realize they have been bitten.
One of the characteristic signs of early-stage Lyme disease is a red, expanding rash called erythema migrans (EM). However, not all people with Lyme disease develop this rash, and even if they do, it may go unnoticed if it is in a hidden or hard-to-see area of the body. In fact, studies have shown that only about 70-80% of Lyme disease cases present with the rash.
If left untreated, Lyme disease can progress to the later stages, which can cause more severe symptoms and complications. The bacteria can spread to other parts of the body, including the joints, heart, and nervous system. This can lead to conditions such as Lyme arthritis, cardiac abnormalities, and neurological problems.
The symptoms of later-stage Lyme disease can vary widely and may include joint pain and swelling, neurological symptoms such as numbness or tingling, memory problems, and fatigue. These symptoms can come and go, making it even more difficult to attribute them to Lyme disease. Some people may also develop chronic Lyme disease, where symptoms persist for months to years.
It is important to note that the absence of symptoms doesn’t mean the disease is gone. Lyme disease can lay dormant in the body for extended periods of time and reactivate later, causing recurrent symptoms. Additionally, the longer the infection goes untreated, the more difficult it can be to fully eradicate the bacteria from the body.
If you suspect you may have been exposed to ticks or have any symptoms that could be related to Lyme disease, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Your doctor can perform a physical examination, review your medical history, and order tests to confirm the diagnosis. Early detection and treatment with antibiotics are key to preventing the spread of the infection and reducing the risk of long-term complications.
Lyme disease can go undetected for years as the early signs and symptoms can be mild and easily mistaken for other illnesses. If left untreated, Lyme disease can progress to later stages and cause more severe symptoms and complications. It is important to seek medical attention if you have been exposed to ticks or experience any symptoms that could be related to Lyme disease, as early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing long-term consequences.