The act of karanga holds deep cultural and spiritual significance for Māori. It is a powerful and sacred ritual that serves as a connection between the living and spiritual realms. The word “karanga” itself can be translated as “call” or “summoning,” and it is an essential part of the traditional Māori welcome ceremony, known as powhiri.
One of the key reasons why Māori perform karanga is to acknowledge and honor the mana wahine, or the power and authority of women within the marae. In Māori culture, women play a vital role in maintaining and preserving the spiritual and cultural practices of the whānau (family) and hapū (sub-tribe). The karanga is often performed by women, known as “kaikaranga,” who are seen as the gatekeepers of the marae and the link between the spiritual and physical realms.
The karanga is not just a simple greeting or call; it is a sacred invocation that sets the tone and establishes the spiritual space within the marae. It is a heartfelt expression of welcome, gratitude, and connection to the ancestors and spiritual beings. The kaikaranga uses her voice and words to call upon the spiritual guardians, to acknowledge the sacredness of the land, and to invite the manuhiri (visitors) to enter the marae with respect and humility.
The karanga is performed in a melodic and rhythmic manner, with a distinct vocal style that is passed down through generations. It is a skill that requires practice, knowledge of tikanga (customs), and a deep understanding of the whakapapa (genealogy) and history of the marae and its people. Each kaikaranga brings her own unique style and personality to the karanga, but the underlying purpose remains the same – to connect the physical and spiritual worlds and to create a harmonious and sacred space for all who enter.
Personal experience: I have had the privilege of witnessing and participating in karanga ceremonies during my visits to different marae. One particular experience that stands out to me is when I attended a powhiri at a marae in the Far North of New Zealand. As the manuhiri approached the marae, the kaikaranga began her karanga. Her voice resonated through the air, carrying a sense of power and spirituality. It was a truly awe-inspiring moment, as the karanga seemed to transcend the physical realm and transport us into a sacred space. The emotions stirred by the karanga were palpable, and it created a deep connection between the visitors and the hosts. It was a reminder of the rich cultural heritage and spiritual traditions that continue to thrive within Māori communities.
Māori perform karanga as a way to honor the mana wahine and to establish a spiritual connection between the living and spiritual realms. The karanga is a sacred ritual that sets the tone for the marae and creates a harmonious and sacred space for all who enter. It is a powerful and melodic call that carries the voices of generations past and connects us to the cultural and spiritual heritage of the Māori people.