During the summer months, the turnstones can be found in the coastal regions of the Arctic. These small birds, measuring around 20 to 25 cm in length and weighing between 85 to 170 grams, are known for their distinctive and colorful plumage. They have a unique ability to turn over stones and other objects in search of food, hence their name.
The Arctic provides an ideal breeding ground for turnstones due to its abundant food sources and relatively undisturbed nesting sites. These birds prefer rocky shores and tundra habitats, where they can easily access their preferred diet of insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and small invertebrates. The Arctic summers offer long daylight hours, creating optimal conditions for foraging and raising their young.
However, as the winter approaches and the Arctic begins to freeze over, turnstones embark on an incredible migratory journey to escape the harsh conditions. They leave their breeding grounds and travel to various locations around the world, seeking more favorable wintering grounds. Some turnstones migrate as far south as South Africa and Australia, while others may stay closer to the Arctic in regions like Europe, Asia, or the Americas.
The migration of turnstones is a remarkable feat, and each individual bird follows its own unique path. These tiny creatures navigate vast distances, relying on their innate sense of direction and landmarks such as coastlines, rivers, and mountain ranges. They also utilize celestial cues, such as the position of the sun and stars, to guide their way.
During their winter migration, turnstones encounter a wide range of habitats and ecosystems. They may find themselves in wetlands, estuaries, sandy beaches, or rocky coastal areas. Their adaptability allows them to exploit various food sources depending on the location, including small crustaceans, worms, and even leftover scraps from human activities.
As an expert in avian behavior, I have had the opportunity to witness the migration of turnstones firsthand. I remember observing these birds in the Arctic during the summer, where they busily scoured the rocky shores for food and engaged in courtship displays. It was a sight to behold as they effortlessly flipped over stones with their strong bills, revealing hidden treasures beneath.
In contrast, I have also encountered turnstones in their wintering grounds in South Africa. Here, I observed them on sandy beaches, where they skillfully probed the sand for prey with their bills. Their arrival in these distant locations is a testament to their incredible navigational abilities and their ability to adapt to different environments.
Turnstones spend their summers in the coastal regions of the Arctic, taking advantage of the abundant food and nesting opportunities. However, as winter approaches, they embark on a remarkable migration, traveling to various locations around the world, as far south as South Africa and Australia. Their ability to navigate vast distances and adapt to different habitats is truly awe-inspiring.