Saison is classified as an ale, not a lager. The distinction between ales and lagers lies in the type of yeast used and the fermentation process. Ales are fermented with top-fermenting yeast strains at warmer temperatures, typically between 15-24°C (59-75°F). Lagers, on the other hand, are fermented with bottom-fermenting yeast strains at cooler temperatures, usually around 7-13°C (45-55°F).
Saison, which translates to “season” in French, originated in the Wallonia region of Belgium. It was traditionally brewed during the cooler months and stored for consumption during the summer harvest season. The beer was often made by farmworkers and served as a refreshing and thirst-quenching beverage.
The defining characteristics of a saison include a light to medium body, high carbonation, and a complex flavor profile. The beer is known for its fruity and spicy notes, which are often derived from the use of specific yeast strains and the addition of spices such as coriander and orange peel. Saisons can also exhibit a range of flavors from earthy and peppery to citrusy and floral.
Historically, saisons had lower alcohol content, typically around 3-4% ABV (alcohol by volume), making them a refreshing and sessionable beer. However, modern versions of the style now often have higher alcohol levels ranging from 5-8% ABV.
Saisons are also known for their bottle conditioning, a process in which additional yeast and sugar are added to the beer before bottling. This allows for a secondary fermentation to occur in the bottle, resulting in natural carbonation and further development of flavors over time.
As a beer enthusiast, I have had the pleasure of trying various saisons from different breweries. One of my favorite experiences was visiting a Belgian farmhouse brewery where they brewed traditional saisons. The aroma of the spicy yeast and the crisp, dry finish of the beer left a lasting impression on me.
Saison is a style of beer that falls under the ale category. It is characterized by its fruity, spicy, and often complex flavor profile. While historically brewed with lower alcohol content, modern versions can have higher alcohol levels. Saisons are highly carbonated and often undergo bottle conditioning. It is a unique and refreshing beer style that continues to gain popularity among beer enthusiasts.