A hornet is a type of wasp. The term “hornet” is often used by homeowners to refer to any large stinging insect with a similar appearance, but in scientific classification, true hornets are a subset of wasps. To understand this better, let’s delve into the taxonomy and characteristics of hornets and wasps.
Taxonomically, both hornets and wasps belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also includes bees and ants. Within this order, they are classified into different families and genera based on their specific characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
Hornets, specifically true hornets, are members of the genus Vespa. The European hornet, also known as the brown hornet, is the only true hornet species found in the United States. It is an introduced species that was brought over from Europe. True hornets, including the European hornet, have a distinct reddish-brown coloration, with yellow markings on their abdomen. They are larger than most wasps, with queens reaching up to 1.5 inches in length.
On the other hand, the insects commonly referred to as “hornets” by homeowners are usually bald-faced hornets, which are actually a type of wasp. Bald-faced hornets belong to the genus Dolichovespula and are found in North America. They are black with white markings on their face, thorax, and abdomen. Like true hornets, bald-faced hornets are larger than many other wasp species, with queens measuring around 0.75 inches in length.
While true hornets and bald-faced hornets are both wasps, they do have some distinct differences in behavior and nesting habits. True hornets are known to build large paper nests in trees or other elevated locations. These nests are typically enclosed and have a single entrance. In contrast, bald-faced hornets construct aerial paper nests, often attached to trees, shrubs, or buildings. Their nests are enclosed as well but have a small opening at the bottom.
In terms of behavior, both true hornets and bald-faced hornets are social insects that live in colonies. They are known for their aggressive nature when their nests are threatened, and they can deliver painful stings if provoked. However, bald-faced hornets are often considered more aggressive and defensive than true hornets.
It is important to note that the distinction between hornets and wasps is not always clear-cut, as there is some overlap in characteristics and common names can be misleading. In general, though, true hornets refer to a specific group of wasps within the Vespa genus, while the term “hornet” commonly used by homeowners often refers to bald-faced hornets or other large wasp species.
A hornet is a type of wasp, specifically referring to the true hornets of the Vespa genus. The term “hornet” is often used colloquially to describe large wasps, such as the bald-faced hornet, which is not a true hornet but still belongs to the wasp family. Understanding the taxonomy and characteristics of these insects can help clarify their classification and dispel any confusion.