Chiggers, also known as harvest mites or red bugs, are tiny arachnids that belong to the Trombiculidae family. Contrary to popular belief, chiggers do not actually burrow into our skin. This misconception may stem from the intense itching and irritation that occurs after chigger bites.
When chiggers come into contact with our skin, they use their mouthparts to pierce the outer layer of our skin, creating a small hole. They then inject their saliva, which contains specialized enzymes, into the surrounding tissue. These enzymes are designed to break down our skin cells from the inside.
The purpose of this enzymatic reaction is not to feed on our blood, but rather to facilitate the digestion of our skin cells. Chiggers consume the liquefied skin tissue, which provides them with nutrients necessary for their development and growth. This is why they are often found in areas where the skin is thin and tender, such as around the ankles, behind the knees, and in the groin area.
It’s important to note that chiggers do not stay embedded in our skin. After the feeding process, which typically lasts a few days, they drop off and continue their life cycle in the environment. The intense itching and irritation we experience is actually an allergic reaction to the chigger’s saliva, not a result of them burrowing or remaining in our skin.
The itching sensation usually begins a few hours after the chigger has fed. Our immune system recognizes the foreign substances in the chigger’s saliva and releases histamines to combat them. These histamines cause the blood vessels to dilate, leading to redness, swelling, and itching.
To alleviate the discomfort caused by chigger bites, it is recommended to avoid scratching, as this can lead to secondary infections. Instead, you can apply over-the-counter anti-itch creams or lotions, take antihistamines, or use cold compresses to reduce inflammation and itchiness.
Preventing chigger bites is key, especially when spending time in areas where they are prevalent, such as tall grasses, shrubs, or wooded areas. Wearing long sleeves, long pants, and closed-toe shoes can create a physical barrier between your skin and chiggers. Additionally, applying insect repellents containing DEET or permethrin to your clothing can help deter chiggers.
Chiggers do not burrow into our skin, but instead use their mouthparts to create small holes through which they inject specialized enzymes to break down our skin cells. The resulting allergic reaction causes itching and irritation. Understanding the biology and behavior of chiggers can help us take preventative measures and alleviate discomfort when dealing with these tiny arachnids.