In storytelling, conflict serves as the driving force behind the narrative, propelling the plot forward and engaging readers or viewers. It can be categorized into two broad types: external conflict and internal conflict. External conflict occurs when the protagonist confronts an obstacle or antagonist outside of themselves, while internal conflict involves the protagonist’s struggle within their own mind or emotions.
External conflict typically involves a clash between the protagonist and an external force, such as another character, society, nature, or a situation. This conflict can take various forms, including man vs. man, man vs. society, man vs. nature, and man vs. machine. Let’s explore each of these types in more detail:
1. Man vs. Man: This type of conflict arises when the protagonist faces opposition from another character. It can manifest as physical confrontations, verbal arguments, or even power struggles. For example, in the classic novel “Moby-Dick” by Herman Melville, the main character Captain Ahab is in conflict with the whale, Moby Dick, as he relentlessly pursues revenge.
2. Man vs. Society: Here, the protagonist’s struggle is against the norms, values, or expectations of society. This conflict often highlights themes of injustice, discrimination, or rebellion. An example could be seen in George Orwell’s dystopian novel “1984,” where the protagonist Winston Smith rebels against the totalitarian regime of Big Brother.
3. Man vs. Nature: This conflict arises when the protagonist faces the forces of nature, such as storms, animals, or natural disasters. It showcases humanity’s struggle for survival against the overwhelming power of the natural world. An instance of this can be found in Jack London’s “To Build a Fire,” where the main character battles freezing temperatures and harsh conditions in the Yukon.
4. Man vs. Machine: This type of conflict stems from the protagonist’s struggle against technology or machines. It often explores themes of dehumanization or the potential dangers of relying too heavily on artificial intelligence. A well-known example is found in Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein,” where Dr. Victor Frankenstein’s creation turns against him, leading to a conflict between man and his own creation.
Internal conflict, on the other hand, occurs within the protagonist’s own mind or emotions. It is a struggle between different desires, beliefs, or emotions, often presenting a moral or psychological dilemma. Internal conflict can be categorized into various forms:
1. Man vs. Self: This is the most common form of internal conflict, where the protagonist battles their own emotions, fears, or flaws. It delves into their inner turmoil, as they grapple with difficult decisions or personal demons. For instance, in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment,” the protagonist Raskolnikov experiences an internal conflict between his conscience and his desire to commit a crime.
2. Man vs. Destiny: This conflict revolves around the protagonist’s struggle against fate or their perceived lack of control over their own life. It often raises questions about free will and determinism. In Sophocles’ tragedy “Oedipus Rex,” Oedipus is in conflict with his tragic destiny, as he unknowingly fulfills a prophecy and suffers the consequences.
3. Man vs. Society (Internal): Here, the protagonist battles against the societal expectations, norms, or pressures that conflict with their own values or desires. This conflict highlights the internal struggle to conform or rebel against societal standards. For example, in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre,” the protagonist faces an internal conflict between her love for Mr. Rochester and her desire for independence in a society that restricts women’s choices.
Conflict is an essential element in storytelling, driving the narrative and creating tension. It can be external, involving clashes between the protagonist and external forces, or internal, focusing on the protagonist’s inner struggles. By exploring different types of conflict, authors and filmmakers delve into complex themes, creating engaging and thought-provoking stories.